Saturday, August 11, 2012

Financial Freedom @ 70


Today, I want to tell you a story. This story starts in September of 2005. I was called on by a gentleman to review his portfolio of investments. At the time this Gentleman (we will call him Mr. X) was 70 years old. At the time I didn’t know Mr. X very well. But when I reviewed his portfolio, I was pleasantly surprised. This man had almost 90% of his investments in equities. Yes, 90%! This portfolio was not built overnight but over the previous 30 years. And how did this affect his income profile. I found that besides pension that he and his wife got, the dividend received from his equity holdings more than adequately covered for his day-2-day requirements and in fact left a nice little kitty of saving that he could invest back. In fact the dividend he received was almost 70% of the amount of pension he received and it had been growing year after year at a pace of more than 17%. And this with a portfolio that was completely unscientific, had not been touched for more than 15 years and had in it some really worthless pieces of artifacts. When I questioned this Gentleman about how he had gone about building his portfolio, he mentioned quite non plussed, “I did not plan this. I used to do some basic research and keep investing in stocks in my time. All my savings would go there. And as years went by, it just seemed like the right thing to do.” I liked what he had done and being a Buffett follower myself, I recommended just removing some of the dead weight from the portfolio to both make it lighter to manage and also to make that money more productive by investing it in better business (yes, I don’t like the word stock). Why am I telling this story now? The reason is I wanted to test how this strategy would work out over time before I share this strategy more publicly. Though, over the years, I have shared this with people close to me. I call it bizarre financial planning as no financial planner will recommend such a strategy to a 50 year old, let alone a 70 year old. 
We are now almost at the end of 2012 and through the last 7 years, we have one whole  economic cycle play out. One of high growth between 2005 to 2008 and than a period of almost complete collapse from 2008-2010 and than a gradual rebuild from 2010 to 2012. The behavior of his portfolio over this period will be a testament to whether this kind of strategy can be planned for a person of 70+ years and maybe for people at lower age or maybe, as Mr. Buffett has done, for people of any age really.
In 2012 his portfolio is, yes hold your breath, 3 times what it was end of 2005. Yes, 3 times! In 2006, the dividend yield on Mr. X’s portfolio was 2% and considering the nos. this year so far that yield is still at 2%. While his pension income has just doubled, his dividend income has tripled providing him a very good cushion to take care of inflation and any unforeseen medical emergency. But too me this outcome was not surprising, I pretty much expected it. And there was nothing in that portfolio which was magical that caused it. In fact had he just been invested in Nifty also it would have grown by a little more than 2.5 times too. And some of the well known large cap equity funds would have also yielded a more than 3 times return.
Is it anything to do with the period during which he was invested in? The answer is yes. Because equity investments are highly volatile, you have to be in them with a long term perspective.  Comparing their returns over a short time frame will always give a lopsided view. Ideal period to review the performance is after two economic cycles. The best performance from equities comes when you let your holding compound earnings over a long period of times. That’s when they provide a multiplying factor to the original investment. Also markets tend to even out the technical fluctuations in its valuation and therefore measuring performance over a longer time period provides a better view of your equity investments. What Mr. X was sitting with in Sept 2005 was a portfolio built over a period of 25 years before that.
So can someone who is 70+ or 75+ today move to a portfolio profile matching that of Mr. X? Yes, it can be done. Obviously the financial profile of that person at the time of switch is very important. First, the individual should have a mediclaim of at least Rs. 4 lacs. Second, the total funds required for day-2-day expenses and a nice annual vacation (yes, if not now when else) should be about 5% of the total capital available for investment. That means at today’s values, you can have the kind of equity oriented portfolio that Mr. X has if you have a capital of Rs. 1 Crores plus. Out of Rs. 1 Crs, 75-85 lacs can take exposure to equity based on the market levels while the balance 15-25 lacs will provide the buffer to adjust the investment and remain in debt to provide regular monthly income. Third and probably the most important point. One doesn’t have to build an equity portfolio like Mr. X. Instead I strongly advise building a portfolio of equity funds. Equity Fund managers in India have now matured and are able to beat the benchmarks quite comfortably over longer time duration. Asset Management Companies have much more resources at their disposal to research and keep your money invested in the right business. Select 4 equity funds based on the advise of your MF advisor and than stay invested in them for a long time. If you have a good MF advisor, off and on he / she will evaluate the performance and let you know if you need to switch. Instead of dividend option, opt for a growth option and let your money keep compounding. Whenever required, dip into these funds, specially when the Markets are in a upbeat mood. With this strategy, over the next 10 years you will be the next Mr. X. Can those who have less capital adopt this profile? Yes, but in their case the solution will have to be customized and the math a little more complicated.
On the flip side if one continues managing the finances based on the traditional financial planning approach of matching investment in debt with age (ie 70% in debt if you are 70), one will be constantly fighting a losing battle against inflation, specially in an economy like that of India. To illustrate the point if Mr. X had 70% of his investment in debt, today the purchasing power of the regular income from that 70% would have been halved and how his growth would pan out in the future is amply illustrated in the graph no. 1 shown below. 
To conclude, life expectancy has increased several fold since Independence. The average life expectancy in India in some states is today 64 years and rising fast due to better health care facilities. As people stay on for a much older age the amount of years they have to spend after retirement has also grown from an average of 5 to 6 years to close to 20 years now. To be able to maintain a life style for 20 years after retirement, your wealth will have to continue to provide you income many times that you had during your retirement and that means your money will have to work harder both during your working life and after it. And that can happen only by owning smart business - which you can do only by having a substantial portion of your wealth in equity oriented mutual funds, if not direct equity.

Those who are still far away from 70, I would say..your time starts now!

- Hiren is also a Capital Markets expert and a registered Mutual Fund Advisor. And he can be reached at hs@1-thought.net or +91 98694 23839.